In conclusion, the hybrid integration of photonic products having an LN film is a successful technique for integrated photonics which can stay away from the etching of LN. Even so, irrespective of whether the LN film works to be a top rated cladding or perhaps a substrate, the changeover loss https://-lithiumniobatecrystal88515.blog-mall.com/33186527/5-essential-elements-for-lithium-niobate-crystal